1. You can use Cascading Style Sheets properties to manipulate the spacing between words (word-spacing) and letters (letter-spacing).

To increase the space between words by 10% of what the font type usually uses, the command is:
p {word-spacing: 0.1em;}

You can also put in negative numbers to decrease the space between words.

To increase the space between letters by 1/3:
p {letter-spacing: 0.33em;}

For both properties you can use the value of "normal." This is the default value so there's no need. If you increase or decrease the space between words or letters too much, your text will look weird and be hard to read.


2. With Cascading Style Sheets you use the text-transform property to control the capitalization. The possible values are:

uppercase -- changes text to all capital letters

lowercase -- changes text to all lower case letters

capitalize -- capitalizes the first letter of all words

none -- displays text as you typed it

Normally text is most readable when it follows conventional English standards. Headlines usually have the first letters of words capitalized so to make sure of that you could use the following:
h1 {text-transform: capitalize;}

But that will also capitalize small words that normally would remain lowercase: This Headline Is An Example Of Such Capitlization.

You would normally not capitalize "an" and "of."

3. You can use the Cascading Style Sheets text-decoration property to display various text effects. The possible values are:

underline -- underlines the text

overline -- puts a line over the text

line-through -- makes text looks like you're lining it out

blink -- makes text blink

none -- turns off any other specifications

The most useful of course is underline. Say you want to underline a paragraph:

p.underline {text-decoration: underline;}

Maybe you want to underline some text for emphasis but not the whole paragraph. You can assign the underline to an HTML element such as <b> (bold):
p b   {text-decoration: underline;}

Only text enclosed by <b> tags would be underlined.

4. There are four families of text fonts:

Cursive -- use just for signatures and some limited artistic effects (Author, Comic Sans)

Monospace -- the space used by each letter and punctuation mark is the same, so these types emulate a typewriter (Courier)

Serif -- each letter contains tiny marks called serifs (Helvetica, Verdana, Arial)

Sans-serif -- letters do not contain serifs (Times New Roman, Georgia)

In paper printing, serif fonts make text easier to read, and so are used for most text of newspapers, books and magazines. But sans-serif font stand out more, so they're used for headlines.

Online, the opposite is true. Because the resolution of computer monitors is much less sharp than that of paper, sans-serif fonts are more readable and should be used for most text. Headlines use bigger text so serif fonts help web browsers read them.

5. You can use Cascading Style Sheets to specify which font family you want text displayed as. However, Windows and Mac computers do not always have the same fonts installed. So you can specify alternatives, and also generic font families to use just in case your website is visited by a computer that has none of the specified families installed.

Say you want to display headlines in Georgia, but if necessary browsers can use Times New Roman or Times, or whatever generic serif font is installed on that computer. 
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 {font-family: Georgia,'Times New Roman',Times,serif;}

And you want ordinary text displayed in Verdana, but want to use Arial or Helvetica as alternatives. Or any sans-serif a computer can display.
p {font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}

Font families with names of more than one word ('Times New Roman') must be enclosed within quotation marks as well as commas.

6. You can use Cascading Style Sheets to exert more control over the degree of lightness or boldness of displayed text. The property is font-weight and the values are:
normal, bold, bolder, lighter, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900

These are self-explanatory. You have to experiment to see how just how each one would look for the font family you're using. The format is:
p {font-weight: bold;}


7. You can use the Cascading Style Sheets font-size property to control the size of text font displayed. Some possible values are:

xx-small, x-small, small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large, larger, smaller

These are self-explanatory in concept but you would have to experiment to learn for certain which one displayed text as the exact size you want.

You can also specify the size by length and percentage:
p {font-size: 1.2 em;}

"em" is equal to the normal height of the font so in effect this would increase the text size by 20%.
p (font-size; 120%;)

This is essentially another way of saying the same thing.

8. You can use the Cascading Style Sheets font-style property to specify the style of the text you're displaying. The possible values are:

normal

italic

oblique

Oblique is normal text which is slanted. Italicized text is also slanted, but slightly altered. Usually you'll just use italics.

So to emphasize some text by italicizing it:
p {font-style: italic;}


9. Because there're so many different properties associated with fonts, the creators of Cascading Style Sheets created an easy shorthand way of consolidating all these properties into one declaration.

You can list the font-style, font-weight, font-size and font-family into one declaration with the font property:
h1 {font: sans-serif large italic bold;}

Just string the values together, making sure to place a semicolor at the end. Default values of normal don't need to be specified. Since they're the default value, they're automatic.

10. You can use Cascading Style Sheets to control the background color of any element. You use the background-color property. Its possible values are any color and "transparent."

Transparent is the default. If you don't specify a different background color for an element, it will have the same background as the rest of that area. Unless you're marking something out for special emphasis or artistic effect, this will be the general rule.

But say you want to make a particular paragraph's background color red, to draw attention to a warning contained within it. But other paragraphs of text will have the same white background as the rest of the page. You create a class for that particular paragraph.
p.red {background-color: red;}

<p class="red">This text will have a red background to make it stand out.</p>